PHYS 3330 Module 9 Self Assessment Practice Problems

Module 9 Self Assessment Practice Problems

9.1
(a) What are the approximate n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3 energy levels in copper, assuming screening factors of δ1 = 3.2, δ2 = 12, and δ3 = 21?
(b) What is the emission line energy due to electrons falling from the n = 2 to the n = 1 level in copper?
(c) What is the ionization energy for the n = 1 electron for copper?
(d) What tube voltage is required to see the 8 keV characteristic emission of copper?
 (e) What is the energy of the characteristic emission from copper if the tube voltage is 30 V?
Answer:
9.2
Describe the events that occur within an x-ray tube that lead to x-ray production.
Answer:
9.3
Name and briefly describe the process by which electrons are liberated from a heated filament at the cathode of an x-ray tube. 
Answer:
9.4
Describe the principal factor that determines the kinetic energy attained by electrons as they strike the x-ray tube anode. Can it be changed or adjusted? 
Answer: 
9.5
(a) Describe the process of bremsstrahlung production and sketch a typical spectrum.
(b) Sketch and compare the three bremsstrahlung spectra for the following factors:
           50 kV and 50 mA
           100 kV and 50 mA
           100 kV and 100 mA
Answer:
9.6
Sketch and compare the characteristic x-ray spectra for a molybdenum anode and a rhodium anode both operating at 30 kV.
Answer:
9.7
Explain why K x-rays emitted by an atom have higher energies than L or M x-rays from the same atom.
Answer:
9.8
Explain why a high Z element produces some characteristic x-rays with energy greater than that of x-rays from a lower Z element, even though both elements are bombarded by 100 keV electrons.
Answer:
9.9
What is the kinetic energy of electrons accelerated through a potential difference of 250 kV? What is the 𝜆min of the x rays?
Answer:
9.10
Sketch a cross-section of a basic x-ray tube and label the components. 
Answer: